Smallcell network deployment, optimization and management based on blockchain technology

ABSTRACT

Smallcell network is deployed, optimized and managed using blockchain technology. Smallcells create and mine a new coin called smallcell coin. All transactions in the network and/or between network and users are paid using smallcell coin which can also be converted to any other cryptocurrency. Each smallcell configures itself based on pre-determined parameters. Each smallcell talks with other smallcells in the network, and each communication is recorded as part of the block in smallcell blockchain. Smallcell Media Access Control layer unique identification number is used as private key, and product identification number is used as public key in recording the transactions in blockchain. Performance ledger is used during small cell network optimization to record any transaction in the blockchain. User terminals (subscribers) and smallcells sign smart contract when users terminal requests to make connection with smallcell, and any payment between smallcell and user terminal will be made using smallcell coin.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

A method and apparatus for deploying, optimizing and managing smallcellnetwork with blockchain technology is disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an architecture of a smallcellnetwork

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the connection and communication betweenthe smallcell network and the core network.

FIG. 3 is another flowchart diagram showing the internal components ofthe operator's core network.

FIG. 4 is a flow-chart showing a method to deploy, optimize and managethe smallcell network.

FIG. 5 is a chart showing the description of the Smallcell ID, SpectrumAmount, Location and Rent Duration

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the overall data exchange between userterminal and the smallcell.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship be the USER TRAFFIC AMOUNTover TIME and the active state of a smallcell

FIG. 8 is another graph showing the relationship between the FrequencySpectrum over time.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the architecture of smallcellnetwork

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing how the user terminal sends a request toconnect to smallcell

FIG. 11 is another flowchart showing that any payment, transaction, userand smallcell information, user and smallcell data, between userterminal and smallcell; and between smallcell and user terminal isrecorded in smallcell blockchain.

FIG. 12 is another flowchart showing that any payment, transaction,smallcell information, smallcell data between smallcell in the networkis recorded in the smallcell blockchain.

FIG. 13 shows the process flow to upgrade the software of the smallcellsin the network.

FIG. 14 shows the information exchange process between a software centerand the smallcells in the network.

FIG. 15 shows a charging ledger for user terminal metrics.

FIG. 16 shows a performance ledger for user terminal metrics.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the present invention is described herein with reference to theillustrative embodiments for particular applications, it should beunderstood that the invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled inthe art with access to the teachings provided herein will recognizeadditional modifications, applications, and embodiments within the scopethereof and additional fields in which the invention would be ofsignificant utility.

In the detailed description of embodiments that follows, references to“one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, etc.,indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature,structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarilyinclude the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover,such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment.Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic isdescribed in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it iswithin the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature,structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodimentswhether or not explicitly described.

Turning now to FIG. 1 an architecture 10 a smallcell network is shown.Smallcell communication devices 12, 14, 16. 36, 38, 40 are deployed atvarious locations randomly and/or at predetermined locations. A fewsmallcells can create a cluster 18. A cluster can be of any size, thatis, a cluster of smallcells can contain any number of smallcells.

There may be smallcells in the network which are not inside and/or panof any cluster 18. Any smallcell can have a wired 30, 32, 50, 54 and/orwireless connection 20, 52 to another smallcell in the same clusterand/or also with another smallcell in another cluster.

These inter-smallcell connections carry any kind of data betweensmallcells. Smallcell can have directional 22, 24, 26, 28, 42, 44, 46,48 antennas and/or omnidirectional antennas 34, 56 to communicate withuser terminals 58, 62. User terminals are wireless communication deviceswhich communicate with smallcells devices' antennas 22, 24, 26, 28, 42,44, 46, 48 using its own antennas 60, 64.

A user terminal can be any type of device which is authorized by theservice operator and/or smallcell network. A user terminal carry anidentification module called Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card.

FIG. 2 shows 68, the connection and communication between the smallcellnetwork and the core network 72. Communication link 72, between thesmallcell network cluster 70 and the operator's core network 74, iscapable of carrying any type of information in any format using any kindof communication protocol to core network 74 from smallcell network 70and from core network 74 to smallcell network 70. Operator's corenetwork 74 is connected to internet using a separate link 76. Link 76carries any type of traffic in any format using any communicationprotocol.

FIG. 3 shows the internal components of the operator's core network.Smallcell Database 82, saves and stores all information about allsmallcells in smallcell network. User Terminal Database saves and storesall information about user terminals which are connected to anysmallcell in operator's network. Smallcell Coin Miner 84, minessmallcell coins, stores smallcell coins, shares smallcell coins withother smallcells in the smallcell network. Smallcell Coin Miner 84, alsosaves and stores all smallcell coin mining, and transaction history.This history consists of which smallcell(s) mined how many smallcellcoins, at which time, and how many of these coins are spent and thereason for spending. For example, if a particular smallcell mined 100smallcell coins on October, 7 between 4:00-5:00 AM (EST) at Fairfaxcountry location and spent 25 of these 100 smallcell coins to rent aspectrum at the location or any other location, this record is saved inthat format. Smallcell Database, User Terminal Database, Smallcell CoinMiner, Data and Session Management components (servers) are connected toeach other 89.

FIG. 4 shows a method to deploy, optimize and manage the smallcellnetwork.

FIG. 4 shows a method 90 of creating small cell network, and authorizingtransactions. The method 90 may be implemented as a set of executablelogic instructions stored in at least one machine- or computer-readablestorage medium such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory(ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), flash memory, firmware, microcode, etc.in configurable logic such as, for example, programmable logic arrays(PLAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), complex programmablelogic devices (CPLDs), in fixed functionality hardware using circuittechnology such as, for example, application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or transistorlogic (TTL) technology, or any combination thereof. For example,computer program code to carry out operations shown in the method 90 maybe written in any combination of one or more programming languages,including an object-oriented programming languages such as “C”programming language or similar programming languages. Moreover, variousaspects of the method 90 could be implemented as embedded logic of aprocessor using any of the aforementioned circuit technologies.

Illustrated processing block 94 defines the initial cluster size ofsmallcell network. Initial cluster size shows the number of smallcellsin the same network of a cluster which communicates with each otherthrough wireless and/or wireline links.

Processing block 96 shows that any smallcell which becomes part of thenetwork creates communication links with other smallcells in thenetwork. This communication link can be any wireless and/or wirelinelink.

Processing blocks 98, 100 and 102 show the process of requesting thespectrum. Each smallcell requests a particular amount of spectrum far aparticular amount of duration. This request is shared with othersmallcells over communication interface 30, 32, 20, 50, 54, 52. Eachsmallcell inside the same network cluster votes for that request andsends the vote back to original smallcell requesting the spectrumresources. If at least half of the smallcells vote for YES (8 out of15), spectrum resource is rented out to the requesting smallcell. Eachsmallcell holds a table that shows the spectrum in use, and spectrum notin use, and smallcell requests spectrum based on this real-time spectruminformation in the table. FIG. 5, 200 shows an example of a spectrumlookup table held by each smallcell in smallcell network. Spectrum rentrecord is created if a particular smallcell is approved to use afrequency spectrum and/or range of frequency spectrum. Each recordconsists of duration of the rent of the spectrum 208, amount of thespectrum rented out to smallcell 204, location of the rent of thespectrum 206, smallcell identification 202 of the smallcell which ownsand uses the spectrum. Each row of the table 200 shows data about thesame smallcell, and different rows of the table show informationregarding different smallcells.

Processing block 104 shows the procedure that when a smallcell isrejected to rent and utilize the spectrum, smallcell will wait for arandom amount of time to make a request to rent the spectrum again, 98.

If a smallcell has been rejected N times already, this smallcell is notable to make a request to rent any amount of spectrum in the network ofwhich smallcell wants to be part of. Therefore, smallcell will beremoved from the smallcell network cluster and network cluster size willbe reduced by 1, 92.

Processing block 106 shows that the spectrum will be rented to thesmallcell who made the request to rent the spectrum 98 if othersmallcells in the cluster give YES votes to the request to rent thespectrum. In other words, smallcell which is requesting the spectrumshould receive majority of positive votes (YES) from other smallcells inthe network cluster. Once smallcell owns right to transmit power in thespectrum rented, smallcell starts transmitting data to and from userterminals in its network coverage.

Processing block 114 shows that once smallcell's request to rent thefrequency spectrum is approved, UEs which are in the radio frequency(RF) coverage of the smallcell recognize that this smallcell is a liveand signal transmitting smallcell, and UEs make request to connect tothis smallcell. User terminals recognize the smallcell as live andtransmitting smallcell it user terminal can scan and read the physicalcell identity (PCI) of the smallcell. Once user terminal completes alldata transmission to smallcell, and also when smallcell completes alldata transmission to the user terminal, user terminal will disconnectfrom the smallcell, 116.

Processing block 118 identifies the amount of all kind of network andsmallcell resources used by user terminal, determines the paymentmethod, and performs transaction to make the payment to smallcell forthe amount of resources used during the data transmission from and touser terminal. FIG. 6 shows the overall data exchange between userterminal and the smallcell to perform the payment transaction andresource usage determination 300 shows signaling flow between userterminal and smallcell. User terminal 302 exchanges messages withsmallcell 304 to determine the amount of resources consumed by userterminal. After user terminal completes the data transmission to andfrom the smallcell user terminal sends ‘Calculate Resource Consumption’message 306 to smallcell. Smallcell confirms ‘Calculate ResourceConsumption’ message by sending ‘Resource Calculation Started’ message308 back to user terminal. As a next step, smallcell calculates amountof resources consumed by user terminal and sends message 310 withSmallcell Coin Units (SCC) information. After receiving Smallcell CoinUnit information from the smallcell, user terminal performs its owncalculations 312 to calculate the amount of resources that user terminalhas used during the connection and communication with smallcell. If thedifference between the resource consumption calculations is less thansome number, user terminal confirms the consumed amount 314. If thedifference between the resource consumption calculations is more thansome number, user terminal rejects the usage, and requests smallcell torecalculate the resource consumption 316. After smallcell resourceconsumption recalculations, if the difference between calculated numberis still higher than some percentage, smallcell will ask for moreinformation from user terminals. For example, smallcell asks for thetime duration during which user terminal has been connected to thesmallcell, and the moment of time that user terminal was disconnectedfrom the smallcell. Smallcell investigates if there was any moment thatuser terminal lost data or voice connection with smallcell, this was notcaptured by smallcell. All the information that smallcell uses forfurther verification of the resource consumption amount, smallcell willask user terminal to send its own log information. After resourceconsumption is confirmed by user terminal and as a next step, smallcellwill send 318 the list of supported cryptocurrencies by this cluster ofsmallcell network. User terminal selects one and/or morecryptocurrencies and initiates the transaction towards smallcell 320.This transaction is recorded in smallcell blockchain 320. In order torecord this transaction in blockchain, for user terminal, userterminal's International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI) number isused as private key in the block, and user terminal's phone number isused as public key in the block. For smallcell, combination of MediumAccess Control (MAC) number is used as private key, and smallcellproduct serial number is used as public key in the blockchain. Afterpayment is sent from user terminal to smallcell using blockchaintechnology, smallcell confirms the payment 322. After transaction issuccessfully completed, user terminal sends disconnection request 324 tosmallcell. Smallcell confirms the disconnection request 326 and userterminal disconnects from smallcell and smallcell network.

Processing block 108 shows process that checks if smallcell has activetraffic going to any user terminal and/or coming from any user terminal.If any user terminal traffic goes through the smallcell, smallcell is inACTIVE state. FIG. 7 shows the active state 408 of a smallcell.Similarly, if there is no user terminal related traffic going throughthe smallcell, smallcell is in IDLE state 402, 406. There is also athird state which is Mining In the Background (MIB) state 404. In MIBstate 404, smallcell has an active user terminal traffic, however thisuser terminal traffic is small and smallcell has hardware and softwareresources to mine Smallcell coin simultaneously while transmitting datato user terminal and receiving data from user terminal.

Processing block 110 shows the procedure that if smallcell is in IDLEstate 402, 406, smallcell uses its hardware and software resources tomine the Smallcell Coin (SCC). FIG. 8 shows the number of SmallcellCoins that smallcell mines based on IDLE time and frequency available.For example, when smallcell is IDLE for 1 MHz and for 1 second,smallcell mines 1 smallcell coin (SCC) 502. If smallcell is IDLE for 10MHz and 1 second, smallcell mines 10 smallcell coins (SCCs), 504.Similarly, if smallcell is IDLE for 15 MHz and 10 seconds, smallcellmines 150 Smallcell Coins (SCCs) 506.

For IDLE 1 hour (3600 seconds) of 10 MHz spectrum, each smallcell mines36000 CC. Smallcell produces smallcell coin to use it for at least oneof the payment to other smallcells, and payment for all servicessmallcell receives from other smallcells, from individuals, from people,from software centers, from hardware centers, from cloud centers, fromdata centers, from service providers, and from any party providingdirect and indirect service to smallcells.

FIG. 9 shows the architecture of smallcell network 600 where twosmallcells request the same amount of spectrum resources at the sametime, where at that location there is only one set of spectrum resourceavailable which is the spectrum resource two smallcells request to rentat the same time. Each smallcell requesting the spectrum to rent sendsthe request to all other smallcells in the network. Smallcell 602requests to rent the spectrum and sends this request using link 608 tosmallcell 604 and smallcell 606. Smallcell 604 request to rent spectrumand sends its request to smallcell 602 using the link 610 and sendingthe same request to smallcell 606 using the link 610.

Links between smallcells 602, 604, 606 are two-way links which meansthat each smallcell send information with other smallcellsimultaneously. Each link is separate from the other link physicallyand/or logically. During the operation there might be some tie cases.One example tie case might be defined as, if there are 3 small cells ina particular cluster 600 and two of these small cells 602, 604 ask forexactly the same amount of spectrum resource for exactly the same amountof duration. When small cells send resource request to each other 608,610, they will also create a random number and send this number as panof their message. Each smallcell will check the resource request and ifthe resource request matches in terms of bandwidth and the time durationof the rent, smallcell which has the high random number will have accessto the resources, if a smallcell has an access to resources in this tiebreaking scenario, the smallcell who wins (has right to own the spectrumrequested) at this time, will divide the generated random number by apre-defined number in the next tie scenario. If smallcell does not win(no right to own the spectrum requested) at this time, in the next tiescenario smallcell will multiply the generated random number by apre-defined number. And these divisions and multiplications will beincreased and decreased by a pre-defined number at each time. Thismethod creates fairness in owning the spectrum resources in smallcellnetwork.

In FIG. 10, when user terminal 702 sends a request to connect tosmallcell 704, smallcell 704 accepts the connection based onavailability of its hardware and software resources, and at the sametime, smallcell makes a resource request 710 to core network to carryuser terminal's traffic. If smallcell's resource request is accepted712, 714, user terminal will sign a smart contact 716 with the smallcellby using user terminal's International Mobile Subscriber Identification(IMSI) and user terminal's phone number. Smart contract is recorded as ablock in a smallcell blockchain. IMSI is used as private key inrecording smart contract in smallcell blockchain. User terminal's mobilephone number is used as public key in recording smart contract insmallcell blockchain. Smart contract between user terminal and smallcellwill stay open as long as user terminal transmits and receives data.When user terminal finishes the data traffic, smart contract will beclosed and payment will be made to the smallcell in terms of SmallcellCoin (SCC) using the procedures depicted in FIG. 6.

FIG. 11 shows diagram that any payment 808, transaction 812, user andsmallcell information 812, user and smallcell data 812, 808 between userterminal 802 and smallcell 804; and between smallcell 804 and userterminal is recorded 810, 814 in smallcell blockchain 806.

FIG. 12 shows diagram that any payment 908, 912, transaction 908, 912,smallcell 902 information 908, 912, smallcell data between smallcells902, 904 in the network is recorded 910, 914 in the smallcell blockchain906.

FIG. 13 shows process flow to update the software of the smallcells inthe network. When new software release 1002 is available in softwaredevelopment center, the feature list 1004 of this new software releaseis shared with smallcells in the network. Each smallcell in the networkvotes 1006 for each feature of this new software release. Each vote 1008from each smallcell is recorded in smallcell blockchain. Smallcellsvoting positive for a particular feature 1010 pay 1 smallcell coin foreach positive vote. If the total amount of smallcell coins is larger orequal price of the new software release 1012, each smallcell in thenetwork saves old performance routers and key performance indicators1016 which are recorded in smallcell blockchain. Each smallcell installsthe new software 1018. Each smallcell creates new counters and keyperformance indicators based on the new installed software release andrecords all of the information in smallcell blockchain 1020. If theperformance of the smallcell has improved, this new software release iskept in that smallcell 1022. If the performance of the smallcell hasdegraded after installing the new software release, smallcells reinstallthe previous version of the software which was installed in thesmallcell before the new software release 1024.

FIG. 14 shows software center 2002 and the part of a smallcell network2000. Smallcells 2006, 2010, 2014, 2020, 2028, 2032 are connected toeach other with a backhaul connection 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2018,2022, 2024, 2026, 2030. When a new release and/or updated release ofsoftware is available in the software center, this information pushed toa smallcell and/or a few smallcells in the network. When a new releaseand/or updated release of software is available in the software center,this information is pulled by a smallcell or a few of smallcells in thenetwork. That is, the availability of new software release can be pulledfrom software center by smallcells and also can be pushed by softwarecenter to smallcells. When one smallcell knows that a new softwarerelease is available in the software center, this information is sharedwith other smallcells in the network through backhaul connection 2004,2008, 2012, 2016, 2018, 2022, 2024, 2026, 2030 between smallcells. Thisbackhaul connection can be wired, wireless, or any other type ofcommunication medium. 2040 shows software feature score table which hasratings, votes for each software feature by each smallcell in thenetwork. Each smallcell in the network has this table.

FIG. 15, 3000 shows charging ledger in smallcell blockchain. 3002 showsthe time of recording the ledger in smallcell blockchain, 3004 showsphone number of subscriber (user terminal) which has been connected to asmallcell, 3006 shows IMSI number of subscriber (user terminal) whichhas been connected to a smallcell. 3008 shows unique identificationnumber of smallcell. 3010 shows geographical location of smallcell interms of latitude and longitude. 3012 shows if the service subscriberhas received is normal service or emergency service or both. 3014 showsamount of consumed data, and amount of consumed voice minutes. 3016 isreserved for terminal type and quality of service (QoS) class.

FIG. 16, 4000 shows performance ledger used in smallcell blockchain.4002 shows the time recording for the ledger. 4004 shows telephonenumber for subscriber (user terminal). 4006 shows IMSI of subscriber(user terminal). 4008 shows smallcell identification number which can beserial number of a smallcell and/or any other unique number thatidentifies smallcell. 4010 shows geographical location of smallcell interms of latitude and longitude. 4012 shows quality index. Eachsubscriber (user terminal) connected to smallcell will send performancemetrics at the end of the call. This is used to report performance tosmallcell. Quality Index consists of counter and key performanceindicators such as Amount of throughput per RRC Connected Instance (inkbps)/Average Channel Quality Indicator. Standard Deviation ofthroughput Per RRC Connected Instance (in kbps), Access Success Rate,Handover Success Rate. 4014 shows amount of consumed data and totalnumber of voice minutes by subscriber user terminal), 4016 showsterminal type and quality of service (QoS) class.

The value of smallcell coin will be different based on at least one ofthe network operators owning and running the smallcell network, andbased on the different vendors/manufacturers of smallcell. The value ofsmallcell coin will depend on Coverage, Capacity, Service Experience,Service Quality.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of deploying, optimizing and managingsmallcell network with blockchain, the method comprising: creating aninitial smallcell network cluster with at least one of random number ofsmallcells and with predefined number of smallcells; creating networkconnections among smallcells inside the network in an automated fashion;smallcell requests amount of frequency bandwidth to use for an agreedduration of time and at the location of smallcell, and smallcell sharesfrequency bandwidth rent request with other smallcells in the samesmallcell network over network connections created among smallcells;smallcell receives positive or negative votes from at least two of othersmallcells in smallcell network, and smallcells compare the number ofpositive and negative notes; if the number of positive votes is equal orhigher than the number of negative votes, smallcell rents or owns thefrequency bandwidth for the agreed duration of time and at smallcelllocation; if the number of positive votes is equal or higher than thenumber of negative votes, smallcell becomes the part of the smallcellnetwork or smallcell starts transmitting radio frequency signal in thesmallcell network; smallcell repeats the renting request to rent thefrequency bandwidth after waiting for a random amount of time if thenumber of negative votes is higher than the number of positive votes;smallcell removes itself from the smallcell network if smallcell hasalready been refused N times to rent same and/or different amount of thefrequency bandwidth; smallcell removes the network connections withother smallcells in the smallcell network network if smallcell hasalready been refused N times to rent same and/or different amount of thefrequency bandwidth; smallcell creates a smart contract in smallcellblockchain with user terminals in order to transmit data to userterminals and to receive data from user terminals; smallcell calculatesthe amount of smallcell network and smallcell resources duringconnection between user terminal and smallcell, and records thecalculated resources utilization amount in the smallcell blockchain;user terminal calculates the amount of smallcell network resources, userterminal resources, and smallcell resources used during the connectionbetween user terminal and smallcell; and smallcell creates said smartcontract with user terminals for the payment processing at the end ofdata connection between smallcell and the user terminals.
 2. A method ofmining the smallcell coin in a smallcell blockhain in smallcell network,the method consisting of: smallcell mines the smallcell coin whensmallcell does not transmit any information and data to user terminalsand when smallcell does not receive any data from user terminals, andwhen smallcell does not exchange any data with other smallcells insmallcell network; smallcell records the transaction in smallcellblockchain as part of an existing block and/or as a new block; smallcellstores smallcell coin at the smallcell; smallcell mines the smallcellcoin when there is little user terminal related traffic in thesmallcell; smallcell uses smallcell coins to gain priority over othersmallcells when a smallcell requests to rent the frequency bandwidth atthe same time with at least one of the other smallcells in a smallcellnetwork; smallcell makes payment to an individual installer who installsand sets up the smallcell; smallcell makes payment to an individualinstaller who fixes and places smallcell part or parts when smallcell orany part of smallcell needs replacement; smallcell makes payment to 3-Dprinting facilities to print and to ship any hardware parts of thesmallcell to replace the malfunctioning or broken parts of itself;smallcell makes payment to software centers to write, to develop, and totest the new version of smallcell software; smallcell makes payment todata centers who store, back up, process the performance, test,diagnostic data of smallcell; smallcell records all of transactions insmallcell blockchain as part of an existing block or as a new block;smallcell sends smallcell coins to other smallcells, and receivessmallcell coins from other smallcells, and records the transaction insmallcell blockchain; smallcell requests to upgrade the backhaulcapacity of itself with smallcell coins, and smallcell pays for theupgraded backhaul with smallcell coin; and smallcell records at leastone of the performance data, network optimization data, smallcellparameters, performance counters, and key performance indicators as partof an existing block or a new block in smallcell blockchain.
 3. Themethod of claim 1 wherein said blockchain is a distributed databasesystem that records every transaction using unique keys of partiesinvolved in that transaction; said requesting amount of frequencybandwidth consists of checking the availability of requested spectrum inspectrum utilization table, sending request to rent specific amount ofspectrum for specific duration of time at a specific location to othersmallcells in the network; said renting spectrum means transmitting datain rented frequency spectrum for the agreed duration of time; saidrepeating the renting request means reseeding the request to rentfrequency spectrum after waiting for an amount of randomly generatedtime; said removing itself from network means shutting down all liveconnections with other smallcells and said creating smart contract meanssigning a digital contract by recording smart contract as a block insmallcell blockchain.
 4. The method of claim 2 wherein said miningsmallcell coin means producing smallcell coins by using hardware andsoftware resources of smallcells and said smallcell coin further is usedby smallcells to rent frequency spectrum, and said smallcell coin isfurther used to do one of the following: gain prioritization over atleast one of the smallcells during frequency spectrum rent request; payindividual contractors, people, and individual installers who change apart or parts of the smallcell in a smallcell network; pay 3D printingfacilities which manufacture a part or parts of the smallcell bycreating smart contracts in smallcell blockchain; pay autonomous drivingvehicles, autonomous flying objects, planes, drones for delivery of apart or parts of smallcell to requested location of the smallcell bycreating smart contracts between the smallcell and these autonomousdriving vehicle, autonomous flying drone, objects, planes in smallcellblockchain; pay software center which develops new and next release ofsmallcell's software, tests software, troubleshoots the software anddelivers the software to smallcells by creating smart contracts betweensoftware center and smallcells in smallcell blockchain; and pay datacenter which stores, processes, analyzes any data coming from smallcellsfor any purpose, by creating smart contracts between data center andsmallcells in smallcell blockchain.
 5. The method of claim 2 whereinsaid upgrading backhaul capacity further consists of at least one of:measuring the current backhaul capacity, measuring the current trafficload, predicting the future backhaul capacity requirements, andincreasing the capacity of backhaul, creating a new smart contract withexisting and/or new backhaul connection provider, and recording smartcontract in smallcell blockchain.
 6. The method of claim 3 wherein saidspectrum utilization table is a database held at each smallcell in thenetwork and contains information about how much frequency spectrum isrented by a smallcell at a specific location in the network and how longthe spectrum is rented by a smallcell at a specific location.
 7. Themethod of claim 2 wherein said blockchain records information in ledgerformat where ledger contains nature of the transaction, type, and uniquekeys that identify the parties involved in the transaction, and saidblockchain means a distributed database that records each block by asmallcell coin which is mined by at least one of single and multiplesmallcells in the network.
 8. The method of claim 2 wherein saidtransaction means any information and/or data sent from sender totransmitter in a smallcell network.
 9. The method of claim 2 whereinsaid sender is at least one of the smallcells initiating thecommunication with at least one of other smallcells, and user terminal(subscriber) initiating the connection with the smallcell, and smallcellinitiating the communication with other user terminal.
 10. The method ofclaim 2 wherein said transmitter is the cell on the transmitting side ofthe communication such as smallcell and/or user terminal (subscriber).11. The method of claim 2 wherein said unique keys is at least one of:the media access control (MAC) identification number and productidentification number of a smallcell, the International MobileSubscriber Identification (IMSI) and International Mobile SubscriberIdentifier, and any other user terminal (subscriber) specific uniqueidentification numbers.
 12. The method of claim 4 wherein said mediaaccess control (MAC) identification number is used as private key usedto record transaction in a smallcell blockchain.
 13. The method of claim4 wherein said product identification number is used as the public keyused to record the transaction in a smallcell blockchain.
 14. The methodof claim 1 wherein said network deployment is the process of placingsmallcells at optimum locations, and making smallcell a part of smallcell group(s) and/or a smallcell cluster, and consists of a votingmechanism based on which a decision on whether a small cell will becomepart of the network or not is made.
 15. The method of claim 1 whereinsaid optimization is at least one of: the process of improving networkperformance, process of enabling the communication between smallcell anduser terminals (subscribers), and process of configuring smallcells withthe required set of parameters.
 16. The method of claim 15 wherein saidnetwork performance means changing and modifying the parameter(s) of asmallcell and/or smallcells, recording this change as part of at leastone of existing block or a new block in smallcell blockchain.
 17. Themethod of claim 15 wherein said configuring smallcell means at least oneof adding, changing, deleting, modifying settings and parameters of asmallcell, recording all the changes as a new or existing block in theblockchain, and rolling back to the original settings and parametersvalues if smallcell performs worse than the before when settings andparameter values were not changed.
 18. The method of claim 1 whereinsaid management means at least one of: managing smallcell failures,smallcell replacement, smallcell order, smallcell shipment, payment,user billing, recording any network management action as at least one ofa new block and existing block in blockchain; measuring performance of asmallcell and recording it using performance ledger in smallcellblockchain; process of upgrading software release of the softwarerunning and executing in a smallcell.
 19. The method of claim 18 whereinsaid smallcell failures means at least one of: a malfunctioningsmallcell, a smallcell which does not work, a smallcell which does nottransmit any data to user terminal, a smallcell which does not receiveany data from a user terminal, and a smallcell which does not transmitany data to other smallcells in a smallcell network.
 20. The method ofclaim 18 wherein said billing means at least one of transaction betweensubscribers and smallcells, transaction between smallcells; recordingcharging ledger in smallcell blockchain.
 21. The method of claim 20wherein said transaction between subscribers and smallcell means thepayment from subscribers to smallcells using with at least one ofsmallcell coin and any type of cryptocurrency.
 22. The method of claim21 wherein said computer software means software that is responsible forexecuting all tasks performed in a smallcell.
 23. The method of claim 18wherein said upgrading means one of the following: pulling ordownloading software from software center; center pushes software to asmallcell or smallcells; voting for feature list of software and payingone smallcell coin for each positive vote given to each feature ofsoftware; counting and summing all smallcell coins paid by smallcells byvoting positively for a software feature or software features and payingfor software by paying software license fee using smallcell coins andrecording all these processes as at least one of block and blocks in asmallcell blockchain; and at least one of process of creating software,storing software, updating software and consists of the process ofsharing software feature score table which has scores for each featureof software.